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Convection heat transfer coefficient is introduced in the relation between wall temperature, temperature of the fluid (at a point sufficiently remote from the wall) and the power flowing from the wall to the fluid:
Thus if a known coefficient α, we can simply calculate the heat transfer between the fluid (whether gas) and the surface of the solid body. The problem is to determine the coefficient α for a particular arrangement of a liquid. Experimental data were organized by various authors in certain practices often using a theory dimensionless quantities. 1. Procedure according to: M.A.Michejev: Základy sdílení tepla, Praha 1952The first step is to determine whether is natural or forced convection 1.1. Natural convectionThis is the situation where the in a direction perpendicular from the surface of the solid body located at a sufficient distance only ATMOSPHERES fluid (there is no solid body). The prerequisite is that the body is an important dimension in height. They are also given weightings for free horizontally placed thin plate. The procedure is following:
Grashoff number Gr , where β - thermal volume expansion of the liquid at an average temperature between the wall and the liquid Tstř = (TWall + TFluid) / 2 ΔT - the absolute value of the temperature difference between the wall and the liquid: ΔT = |TWall - TFluid|. g - gravity acceleration (9.81 m/s2) l - so called. characteristic dimension. For vertical, diagonal and curved surfaces, and body is it height (dimension in the direction of gravitational force), with horizontal plates and freely runarounded surfaces is it smallest horizontal dimension. ν - kinematic viscosity of the fluid at an average temperature between the wall and the liquid Tavg. - Prandtlovo číslo Pr , where ν - kinematic viscosity of the fluid at an average temperature between the wall and the liquid a – thermal diffusivity (a = λ / (ρ∙c)) at an average temperature between the wall and the liquid For air is approximately Pr = 0.7. - Calculation Nusselt number (Nu) from Gr a Pr Nusselt is calculated of the product ofPr∙Gr by using following formula , where c a n are constants which are dependet from following table :
- Calculation α from Nu For calculation α is used following formula: , kde λ – is thermal conductivity at an average temperature between the wall and the liquid Tstř = (TWall + TFluid) / 2 l – is characteristic dimension.(same how in calculating for Gr) |